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Postmodern Europe goes to War
Volume 3, Issue 1 (2022), pp. 72–86
Rob de Wijk  

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Pub. online: 5 February 2024      Type: Essay      Open accessOpen Access

Published
5 February 2024

Abstract

The Western response to Russia’s aggression against Ukraine was significant in its provision of weapons, imposition of sanctions, and support for refugees. This essay argues that a postmodern attitude can explain not only why Putin instigated the war, but also why European NATO and EU member states were unprepared for it. This lack of preparedness presents a significant obstacle to the creation of a new European security order. The postmodern attitude, characterised by a rejection of objective truths and a focus on individual experiences and interpretations, has led to a lack of consensus and a fragmentation of the European security community. As a result, member states were unable to effectively respond to Russia’s actions and were caught off guard by the invasion. The ongoing conflict in Ukraine highlights the need for a renewed focus on the importance of objective truths and a unified approach to security in Europe.

References

Notes

1. This is an important conclusion of a study by Gary Clyde Hufbauer (PIIE), Jeffrey J. Schott (PIIE), Kimberly Ann Elliott (PIIE) and Barbara Oegg (PIIE) June 2009, Economic Sanctions Reconsidered, 3rd edition, Peterson Institute for International Economics (PIEE), 2009. I reached similar conclusions regarding the effectiveness of coercive in Rob de Wijk, The Art of Military Coercion: Why the West’s Military Superiority Scarcely Matters, Amsterdam University Press. 2014
 
Barker, Alex, "Q&A: Gazprom Accused", Financial Times, April 22, 2015. http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/fa93b0e8-e8c7-11e4-b7e8-00144feab7de.html#axzz3YDBjqhaF
 
Bloomberg News "Transcript: Vladimir Putin’s Televised Address on Ukraine", February 24, 2022. https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-02-24/full-transcript-vladimir-putin-s-televised-address-to-russia-on-ukraine-feb-24
 
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Cooper, R., "The new liberal imperialism", The Observer, 2002.
 
EURACTIV, "South Stream Bilateral Deals Breach EU Law, Commission Says", EurActiv.com December 4, 2013. http://www.euractiv.com/energy/commission-south-stream-agreemen-news-532120
 
The European Council, "European Council conclusions on Russia’s unprovoked and unjustified military aggression against Ukraine", The French Presidency of the European council, February 24, 2022. https://presidence-francaise.consilium.europa.eu/en/news/press-release-european-council-conclusions24-february-2022/
 
The European Council, "EU sanctions against Russia explained", Council of the European Union, 2022. https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/policies/sanctions/restrictive-measures-against-russia-over-ukraine/sanctions-against-russiaexplained/
 
Farchy, Jack, Hille, Kathrin. "Russia Cuts off Gas Supplies to Ukraine", Financial Times, June 16, 2014. https://www.ft.com/content/db64d8f8-f522-11e3-afd3-00144feabdc0#axzz3XMPHmZnH
 
Ministry of Foreign affairs of the Russian Federation, "Agreement on Measures to Ensure the Security of the Russian Federation And Member States of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization", December 17, 2022. https://augengeradeaus.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/20211217_Draft_Russia_NATO_security_guarantees.pdf
 
Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation, "Treaty between The United States of America and the Russian Federation on security guarantees", December 17, 2021. https://mid.ru/ru/foreign_policy/rso/nato/1790818/?lang=en
 
Preussen, Wilhelmine, "EU countries are running out of weapons, says Borrell", Politico, November 30, 2022. https://www.politico.eu/article/borrell-warn-eu-countries-running-out-weapons/
 
Sonnenfeld, Jeffrey, Tian, Steven, Sokolowski, Franek, Wyrebkowski, Michal, Kasprowicz, Mateusz. "Business Retreats and Sanctions Are Crippling the Russian Economy", Yale Chief Executive Leadership Institute (CELI), August 16, 2022. https://www.europeansanctions.com/2022/08/yale-report-on-effect-of-sanctions-on-russian-economy-2/
 
U.S. Department of Defense, "Fact Sheet: 2022 National Defense Strategy", 2022. https://media.defense.gov/2022/Mar/28/2002964702/-1/-1/1/NDS-FACT-SHEET.PDF
 
Win/Gallup International, "WIN/Gallup International’s Annual Global End of Year Survey Shows That Happiness is on the Rise", Gallup International, December 30, 2014. https://www.gallup-international.bg/en/33145/win-gallup-internationals-annual-global-end-of-year-survey-shows-that-happiness-is-on-the-rise/
 
Wong, Edward, "Russia Secretly Gave $300 Million to Political Parties and Officials Worldwide, U.S. Says", The New York Times, September 13, 2022. https://www.nytimes.com/2022/09/13/us/politics/russia-election-interference.html

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Postmodernism Russia Ukraine EU NATO

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